Manner oe working forge-hammers



G. E. SELLERS.

Dr`op Hammer. No' 3,882' Patented Jam).I 10A, 1845.`l`

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UNITED sTATEs 4EATENT oEEroE.

GEORGE E. SELLERS, VOF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

MANNER OF WORKING FORGE-HAMMERS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 3,882, dated January 10, 1845.

f T0.. all 'whom t may concern.' 'f

Beit known that I, GEORGE EscoL SELLERS, of the city of Cincinnati, inthe county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in the Manner of Constructing Apparatus for WorkingVertical Forge-Hammers; and I do hereby declare that the following is aAfull and exact description thereof.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure l, is a side view, and Fig. 2, aplan, or top view, of my vertical hammer apparatus. f

A, A,is the frame, the beams, A,.A, of which may extend into the sidewalls of the building, orrbe otherwise supported. From these beamsdescend two vertical timbers, A, A, which are shown as sustained by thebraces, A, A; the vertical timbers, A,

'A, serve as checks, to receive the guides of the hammer, B, which is torise and fall, vertically, between them. A part of the timber workconstituting the frame is omitted, or supposed to be removed, for thepurpose of showing parts of the machinery which would otherwise behidden.

C, G, isthe iron stock which may serve as a socket tof receive thehammer, B, and have grooves, a, a, in it to receive guide tongues withinthevertical timbers. To rthe upper end of this stock is attached thelifting rod, D, D, which is represented as a square bar of iron. Inattaching this rod to the head of the hammer stock, I pass it into acavity in the upper end thereof, and surround it by a strong spiral, orother, spring, Z), which serves to prevent a sudden `ierk in the firstimpulse of raising the hammer; a spring may, also, lbe inserted torelieve the liftingrod in its descent, and prevent its upsetting. Thelift-ing'rod, D, D, extends up so as to be received between two frictiondrums, Ff, E', which are to embrace it firmly between them when thehammer is to be lifted. These friction drums are attached to the shafts,F, F, which run in plummer blocks, in the usual way.V Upon the sameshafts are the toothed wheels, G, G, which, gearing together, cause thefriction drums to revolvey simultaneously.

H, is a drivingpulley, which may receive a belt, and be actuated by anyadequate motive.Y power. I, is a pinion on the shaft of saidpulley,gearing into the toothed wheel,

' J, Von the shaftl of the friction drum, E. The

friction drum E has its shaft F on a sliding frame, K, K, which isallowed to traverse back and forth to a short distance, so as to causethe lifting rod, D, D, to be embraced between the friction drums, or toleave it free.

L, L, is a toggle joint by which t-he motion of the sliding frame isgoverned, in a manner to be now described.

`Upon the shaft, F, there are iiXed two, or more, wheels, M, M', M,which I will call cam wheels, as they are to operate, to some extent, int-he manner of cams. These cam wheels determine the number of strokesthat the hammer shall make in one revolution of the friction drums. Whenthe hammer is to make one stroke only, a portion of the periphery of thecam wheel that regulates it is cut away in one place only; where twostrokes are to be made, the periphery of the cam wheel is to be cut awayin two places, as seen at c, c, on the wheel, M, Fig. 1. Each of the camwheels has assigned to it an apparatus which is under the control oft-he forgeman, allowing' him to bring one, or the other, of them intoaction at pleasure; as this apparatus is similar in each, a descriptionof that which governs the wheel, M, will serve for the whole.

N, is a rock-shaft which crosses the machine, and has its end bearingsin the tim bers, or beams, A.

O, O, is a lever which has its fulcrum on the shaft N, on which itturns, freely when a catch, cl, is not engaged in a notch on said shaftor on a collet e, made fast 'to it. On the inner end of the lever, O,there is a friction roller f, that bears against the periphery of thecam wheel M. attached to, and operating upon, the lever, O, near itsopposite ends ;`when the line, g, is drawn down, it forces the frictionroller, f, against the periphery of the cam wheel, and when the line,iz., is drawn down, it performs the double action of relieving the catchd, from the notch on e, and drawing the roller f', from its contact withthe cam wheel; this it eects by allowing the line 7L, to pass over apulley, e', on the upper side of the lever, O, and attaching' its end tothe outer end of the catch, CZ; this catch has its fulcrum pin made fastto the lever O, and-isforced against the collet, e, by a spring, y',which causes it to catch-in the notch when the catch is broughtinto theproper position,'by the action of the line g.

g and h` 'are lines is connected to the arm Q, by which the toggle jointis raised, or lowered; the con necting rod, R, is furnished with nuts bywhich the play of the toggle joint may be adjusted; S, is a spring whichvmay be used.

to aid in causing its prompt action.

T, T, are adjusting screws, by which thev toggle joint may be set, so asto regulate Vt-he action of the sliding frame, K. A strong spring, 7c,7c, receives the immediate action of the toggle joint, and bears againstthe outer end of the sliding frame; this serves to compensate for anyWant of truth in the friction drums, or in the lifting rod, D, causingthe former to bear equably on the latter. U, Fig. 2, is a clutch,operated on by the rod V, Fig. l, which clutch serves for throwing themachine in and out of gear.

l/Vhen the machine is in action, the fric tion drums, E, E', revolve inthe direction of the arrows, and by drawing down the line, g, the notchon theV collet, e, will be moved around so as to receive the catch, d,which will cause the lever, O, to be temporarily attached to the rockshaft, N; and the revolving of this shaft will, by the action of thelever, P, affixed to said shaft, force the toggle joint up, and thefriction roller f, on the lever, O, will also be borne up against theperiphery of the cam wheel, M; the friction drum, E, will then be forcedinto contact with the lifting rod, D, and the hammer will be raised.TWhen the roller f, arrives at one of the recesses, 0, in the cam wheel,the outer end of the lever, O, will be .drawn down, and with it thetoggle joint,

` and the hammer rod being thereby relieved from the pressure upon it,the hammer will descend; and any required number of strokes may thus bemade by the hammer during the revolution of the cam wheel, this beingdependentupon the number of recesses made in its periphery.

A most decided advantage resulting from this arrangement, is that a blowof equal force may be given to the article which is being forged,whatevermay be its thickness, so long as the same cam wheel is kept inaction, as the height to which the hammer is lifted will always be thesame, measuring from the point at which it is arrested. With the commontrip hammer, the larger the size of the iron to be forged, the shorteris the stroke of the hammer, when it should, in fact, be the greatest.Tn upending a bloom, for example, the fall of the common triphammer isfrequently so limited as to produce but little effect; with my hammer,

on the contrary, although the first blow in upending a bloom will be asmuch shorter than the preceding one Von its side, as isV .equal to thedifference between its thickness and its length, the second blow will begiven from the same height as when the hammer struck upon its side.Should the forgeman wish to change theforce of the blow, this can bedone instantaneously without stopping the machine, all that isnecessarybeing to draw upon the line L, which will relieve the catch d, andremo-ve the lever O, from its cam wheel ;y and by drawing at the sametime upon another line, attached, like g, to the lever of another camwheel, such wheel will be set into action.

Should the forgeman desire to vary the force of the blows in such manneras to strike irregularly on any vpiece, this may be done by the aid ofthe lever P, to the longer end of which a chain, W, is attached forthai'1 purpose; the other levers being thrown out of action the forgemanmay take hold of the ring onthe end of the chain, and by alternatelydrawing the lever P, down and suffering it to rise, he may keep thefriction drums in contact with the lifting bar for such length of time,or as frequently, as he may desire; as each time he draws upon thechain, the friction drums will grip the bar, and on ceasing to draw uponthe chain the hammer will fall. The lever, P, as before remarked, ismade to extend nearly to the lifting Tod, and this is necessary to thesecurity of the apparatus, as without this device, should the forgemanneglect to relax his draft upon the chain, the hammer stock would bebrought into contact with the friction drums and destroy the machine;but under the arrangement above described, the head of the stock will bebrought up against the end of the lever, P, and cause the hammer tofall. Another precaution is necessary to prevent injury from thethrowing ofmore than one of the levers, into gear at the same time,namely, that the cam wheels should be so placed upon the shaft, E, asthat one of the recesses on the periphery of each of them shall be inthe same horizontal line; this precaution will secure the falling of thehammer in one revolution of these wheels, whatever may be the number ofthem in action.

I have shown a spiral spring, S, as used to insure the prompt descent ofthe toggle joint, by attaching one end of such spring to the outer endof the lever, P. It may be found advantageous,also, to attach spiral, orother, springs to the sliding frame K, to aid in drawing it back whenlthe friction rollers, f, enter the recesses on the cam wheels.

mer apparatus, and shown the operation of the respective parts thereof,What I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The manner of operating upon the lifting rod by means of the frictiondrums, one of which is made to advance to, and to recede therefrom bybeing placed on a sliding frame which is operated upon by a togglejoint, under an arrangement of parts substantially the same with thatherein described.

2. I also claim the manner of arranging the respective levers, O, and P,the catch, d, the cam Wheels, M, and their appendages, so

as to be operated upon by the lines and chain 15 attached to the saidlevers, substantially as herein fully made known.

3. And I do hereby declare that I do not intend by these claims tolimit. myself to the precise form and disposition of the re- 20 spectiveparts of said machine, but to vary these as I ma think proper While Iattain the same end y equivalent means.

GEO. ESCOL SELLERS.

W'itnesses:

THos. P. JONES, EDWIN L. BRUNDAGE.

